---
title: "Muḥammad | Islam | Thought Archive"
number: "053"
slug: "053-muhammad"
author: "Wenzi / 文子"
language: "en"
canonical: "https://tongzai.space/en/thought-archive/053-muhammad/"
is_primary_text: true
---

# Muḥammad（Islam）



## Common research question

**What does submission to God mean in early Islam?**

The Qur’an distinguishes outward submission from faith entering the heart, while connecting belief with conduct and responsibility. Submission therefore cannot simply be translated as passive obedience to another person. A study of Muhammad’s proclamation must distinguish Qur’anic passages, hadith reports, biographies, and later legal interpretations instead of treating them as one unmediated voice.

## Interpretive boundary

Separate Qur'anic text, reports, and later doctrine; do not invent sayings.

## Archive evidence

- [E-09 ｜ Qurʾān 49:14: the distinction between submission and faith](#E-09)
- [E-08 ｜ Qurʾān 2:177: good deeds and faith side by side](#E-08)
- [E-01 ｜ Qurʾān 112:1—4: one, without equal](#E-01)