---
title: "Spinoza | Modern philosophy | Thought Archive"
number: "044"
slug: "044-spinoza"
author: "Wenzi / 文子"
language: "en"
canonical: "https://tongzai.space/en/thought-archive/044-spinoza/"
is_primary_text: true
---

# Spinoza（Modern philosophy）



## Common research question

**What does Spinoza mean by God or Nature?**

Spinoza's “God or Nature” is neither a multitude of little gods nor a creator standing outside nature. The Ethics articulates substance, attributes, and modes and then treats human bondage, freedom, and kinds of knowledge within the same demonstrative system.

## Interpretive boundary

The Ethics is geometrically argued; isolated sayings often lose necessary premises.

## Archive evidence

- [E-08 ｜ I P18](#E-08)
- [E-06 ｜ I P15](#E-06)